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Population Review

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Definition

The average number of children a woman would bear over her lifetime if current age-specific birth rates remained constant. A TFR of 2.1 is considered the "replacement rate" needed to maintain a stable population.

Why It Matters

Fertility rates drive long-term population growth or decline. Countries below replacement face aging populations, labor shortages, and pension pressure. Those well above replacement face rapid population growth and resource strain.

How It's Measured

Calculated by summing age-specific fertility rates (births per woman at each age from 15 to 49). Published by the World Bank, UN, and national statistics agencies.

Current Value

US TFR: approximately 1.66; World average: approximately 2.3

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Frequently Asked Questions

The average number of children a woman would bear over her lifetime if current age-specific birth rates remained constant. A TFR of 2.1 is considered the "replacement rate" needed to maintain a stable population.

Fertility rates drive long-term population growth or decline. Countries below replacement face aging populations, labor shortages, and pension pressure. Those well above replacement face rapid population growth and resource strain.

Calculated by summing age-specific fertility rates (births per woman at each age from 15 to 49). Published by the World Bank, UN, and national statistics agencies.