Rank #114 by World Population

🇲🇬Madagascar

Madagascar has a population of 31,195,932, ranking #114 in the world. The capital is Antananarivo. Located in Sub-Saharan Africa .

World Bank: Low income

31,195,932

Population

#114

World Rank

63.6

Life Expectancy

$509

GDP Per Capita

Madagascar, #114 by world population

Madagascar Population History (1960-2024)

The country of Madagascar had a population of 5,111,029 in 1960 and 31,964,956 in 2024, a 6.3× growth over 64 years. The peak was 31,964,956 in 2024. Average annual growth rate: 2.91%.

Madagascar population, 1960–2024 · Source: U.S. Census Bureau — decennial census & Population Estimates

31,964,956

Population (2024)

5,111,029

Population (1960)

31,964,956

Peak (2024)

2.91%

Avg Annual Growth

Year	Population	Change	Annual %	Source
1960	5,111,029	-	-	estimate
1961	5,246,158	+135,129	+2.64%	estimate
1962	5,384,150	+137,992	+2.63%	estimate
1963	5,525,185	+141,035	+2.62%	estimate
1964	5,669,863	+144,678	+2.62%	estimate
1965	5,819,116	+149,253	+2.63%	estimate
1966	5,974,279	+155,163	+2.67%	estimate
1967	6,136,486	+162,207	+2.72%	estimate
1968	6,306,493	+170,007	+2.77%	estimate
1969	6,484,716	+178,223	+2.83%	estimate
1970	6,672,003	+187,287	+2.89%	estimate
1971	6,868,868	+196,865	+2.95%	estimate
1972	7,074,398	+205,530	+2.99%	estimate
1973	7,288,048	+213,650	+3.02%	estimate
1974	7,509,726	+221,678	+3.04%	estimate
1975	7,739,336	+229,610	+3.06%	estimate
1976	7,976,831	+237,495	+3.07%	estimate
1977	8,222,240	+245,409	+3.08%	estimate
1978	8,475,864	+253,624	+3.08%	estimate
1979	8,737,581	+261,717	+3.09%	estimate
1980	9,006,032	+268,451	+3.07%	estimate
1981	9,279,011	+272,979	+3.03%	estimate
1982	9,557,671	+278,660	+3.00%	estimate
1983	9,843,044	+285,373	+2.99%	estimate
1984	10,134,550	+291,506	+2.96%	estimate
1985	10,433,142	+298,592	+2.95%	estimate
1986	10,736,857	+303,715	+2.91%	estimate
1987	11,047,291	+310,434	+2.89%	estimate
1988	11,369,462	+322,171	+2.92%	estimate
1989	11,704,998	+335,536	+2.95%	estimate
1990	12,055,639	+350,641	+3.00%	estimate
1991	12,421,412	+365,773	+3.03%	estimate
1992	12,800,870	+379,458	+3.05%	estimate
1993	13,197,345	+396,475	+3.10%	estimate
1994	13,613,850	+416,505	+3.16%	estimate
1995	14,051,275	+437,425	+3.21%	estimate
1996	14,510,711	+459,436	+3.27%	estimate
1997	14,990,814	+480,103	+3.31%	estimate
1998	15,489,364	+498,550	+3.33%	estimate
1999	16,000,506	+511,142	+3.30%	estimate
2000	16,516,338	+515,832	+3.22%	estimate
2001	17,032,939	+516,601	+3.13%	estimate
2002	17,549,913	+516,974	+3.04%	estimate
2003	18,071,854	+521,941	+2.97%	estimate
2004	18,606,608	+534,754	+2.96%	estimate
2005	19,159,707	+553,099	+2.97%	estimate
2006	19,730,909	+571,202	+2.98%	estimate
2007	20,318,583	+587,674	+2.98%	estimate
2008	20,923,840	+605,257	+2.98%	estimate
2009	21,547,280	+623,440	+2.98%	estimate
2010	22,183,340	+636,060	+2.95%	estimate
2011	22,822,300	+638,960	+2.88%	estimate
2012	23,462,438	+640,138	+2.80%	estimate
2013	24,109,290	+646,852	+2.76%	estimate
2014	24,764,348	+655,058	+2.72%	estimate
2015	25,426,702	+662,354	+2.67%	estimate
2016	26,099,952	+673,250	+2.65%	estimate
2017	26,788,375	+688,423	+2.64%	estimate
2018	27,494,926	+706,551	+2.64%	estimate
2019	28,219,554	+724,628	+2.64%	estimate
2020	28,953,556	+734,002	+2.60%	estimate
2021	29,691,083	+737,527	+2.55%	estimate
2022	30,437,261	+746,178	+2.51%	estimate
2023	31,195,932	+758,671	+2.49%	estimate
2024	31,964,956	+769,024	+2.47%	estimate

Demographics

Population	31,195,932
Population Growth Rate	2.46%
Urban Population	32.0%
Fertility Rate	3.97 births/woman
Life Expectancy	63.6 years
Infant Mortality Rate	43.7 per 1,000
Literacy Rate	74.7%

Economy & Trade

$509

GDP Per Capita

3.0%

Unemployment Rate

Low income

Income Level

61.1%

Trade (% of GDP)

87,099.998

Tourism Arrivals

Health & Education

3.4%

Health Expenditure (% GDP)

0.17

Physicians per 1,000

3.0%

Education Expenditure (% GDP)

74.7%

Literacy Rate

43.7

Infant Mortality (per 1,000)

Development & Connectivity

39.4%

Electricity Access

17.8%

Internet Users

Mobile Subs per 100

53.6

People per km2

-1,487

Net Migration

Environment

21.3%

Forest Area

Other Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa

Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi

Madagascar in global context

Madagascar is one of 212 countries tracked. See how it ranks globally, regional shares of world population, and projections to 2050 / 2100.

World Population 2026: Top 10 Countries, Regions & Trends →

Other related entities

Angola (36,749,906)Benin (14,111,034)Botswana (2,480,244)Burkina Faso (23,025,776)Burundi (13,689,450)All countries →

Country rankings

Populated Countries in the World Countries With Highest GDP Per Capita Countries With Highest Life Expectancy Countries With Highest Fertility Rates Countries With Highest Literacy Rates Urbanized Countries in the World Fastest Growing Countries by Population Countries With Highest Infant Mortality Countries With Highest Income Inequality Countries With Most International Tourism All rankings →

Frequently Asked Questions

Madagascar has a population of 31,195,932, ranking #114 in the world. The annual population growth rate is 2.46%.

Life expectancy in Madagascar is 63.6 years. The infant mortality rate is 43.7 per 1,000 live births.

Madagascar's GDP per capita is $509. It is classified as a low income country by the World Bank.

32.0% of Madagascar's population lives in urban areas. The overall population density is 53.6 people per square kilometer.

The adult literacy rate in Madagascar is 74.7%. The country spends 3.0% of GDP on education.

Sources: World Bank Open Data

International data from the World Bank Open Data API. Population figures are latest available estimates. GDP per capita in current US dollars.

With 31,195,932 residents, Madagascar is a country in Sub-Saharan Africa . The population is expanding fast — roughly 2.5% annually.

Madagascar is a lower-income economy, with GDP per capita of about $509. Life expectancy is 63.6 years, below the global average, with a fertility rate of 4.0 births per woman, and 32.0% of the population lives in urban areas.

Source: World Bank Open Data, 2026.