Rank #114 by World Population
🇲🇬Madagascar
Madagascar has a population of 31,195,932, ranking #114 in the world. The capital is Antananarivo. Located in Sub-Saharan Africa .
World Bank: Low income
31,195,932
Population
#114
World Rank
63.6
Life Expectancy
$509
GDP Per Capita
Madagascar, #114 by world population
Madagascar Population History (1960-2024)
The country of Madagascar had a population of 5,111,029 in 1960 and 31,964,956 in 2024, a 6.3× growth over 64 years. The peak was 31,964,956 in 2024. Average annual growth rate: 2.91%.
31,964,956
Population (2024)
5,111,029
Population (1960)
31,964,956
Peak (2024)
2.91%
Avg Annual Growth
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 5,111,029 |
| 1961 | 5,246,158 |
| 1962 | 5,384,150 |
| 1963 | 5,525,185 |
| 1964 | 5,669,863 |
| 1965 | 5,819,116 |
| 1966 | 5,974,279 |
| 1967 | 6,136,486 |
| 1968 | 6,306,493 |
| 1969 | 6,484,716 |
| 1970 | 6,672,003 |
| 1971 | 6,868,868 |
| 1972 | 7,074,398 |
| 1973 | 7,288,048 |
| 1974 | 7,509,726 |
| 1975 | 7,739,336 |
| 1976 | 7,976,831 |
| 1977 | 8,222,240 |
| 1978 | 8,475,864 |
| 1979 | 8,737,581 |
| 1980 | 9,006,032 |
| 1981 | 9,279,011 |
| 1982 | 9,557,671 |
| 1983 | 9,843,044 |
| 1984 | 10,134,550 |
| 1985 | 10,433,142 |
| 1986 | 10,736,857 |
| 1987 | 11,047,291 |
| 1988 | 11,369,462 |
| 1989 | 11,704,998 |
| 1990 | 12,055,639 |
| 1991 | 12,421,412 |
| 1992 | 12,800,870 |
| 1993 | 13,197,345 |
| 1994 | 13,613,850 |
| 1995 | 14,051,275 |
| 1996 | 14,510,711 |
| 1997 | 14,990,814 |
| 1998 | 15,489,364 |
| 1999 | 16,000,506 |
| 2000 | 16,516,338 |
| 2001 | 17,032,939 |
| 2002 | 17,549,913 |
| 2003 | 18,071,854 |
| 2004 | 18,606,608 |
| 2005 | 19,159,707 |
| 2006 | 19,730,909 |
| 2007 | 20,318,583 |
| 2008 | 20,923,840 |
| 2009 | 21,547,280 |
| 2010 | 22,183,340 |
| 2011 | 22,822,300 |
| 2012 | 23,462,438 |
| 2013 | 24,109,290 |
| 2014 | 24,764,348 |
| 2015 | 25,426,702 |
| 2016 | 26,099,952 |
| 2017 | 26,788,375 |
| 2018 | 27,494,926 |
| 2019 | 28,219,554 |
| 2020 | 28,953,556 |
| 2021 | 29,691,083 |
| 2022 | 30,437,261 |
| 2023 | 31,195,932 |
| 2024 | 31,964,956 |
Demographics
| Population | 31,195,932 |
| Population Growth Rate | 2.46% |
| Urban Population | 32.0% |
| Fertility Rate | 3.97 births/woman |
| Life Expectancy | 63.6 years |
| Infant Mortality Rate | 43.7 per 1,000 |
| Literacy Rate | 74.7% |
Economy & Trade
$509
GDP Per Capita
3.0%
Unemployment Rate
Low income
Income Level
61.1%
Trade (% of GDP)
87,099.998
Tourism Arrivals
Health & Education
3.4%
Health Expenditure (% GDP)
0.17
Physicians per 1,000
3.0%
Education Expenditure (% GDP)
74.7%
Literacy Rate
43.7
Infant Mortality (per 1,000)
Development & Connectivity
39.4%
Electricity Access
17.8%
Internet Users
54
Mobile Subs per 100
53.6
People per km2
-1,487
Net Migration
Environment
21.3%
Forest Area
Madagascar Climate
Madagascar has an average annual temperature of 26.2°C (79°F) and receives about 1397 mm of precipitation per year. The warmest month is November and the coldest is July. Figures are 1970–2000 climate normals.
26.2°C
Avg Temp
1397
Precip (mm/yr)
Nov
Hottest Month
Jul
Coldest Month
| Month | Avg (°C/°F) | Precip |
|---|---|---|
| January | 28° / 82° | 374 mm |
| February | 28° / 82° | 301 mm |
| March | 28° / 82° | 221 mm |
| April | 27° / 81° | 40 mm |
| May | 24° / 76° | 10 mm |
| June | 23° / 73° | 7 mm |
| July | 22° / 72° | 7 mm |
| August | 24° / 74° | 5 mm |
| September | 26° / 79° | 10 mm |
| October | 28° / 82° | 46 mm |
| November | 29° / 83° | 103 mm |
| December | 28° / 83° | 273 mm |
1970–2000 normals from WorldClim 2.1 (~9 km grid). Precipitation can be less precise near mountains or coastlines, where rainfall varies sharply over short distances.
Best time to visit Madagascar
The most comfortable months to visit Madagascar are typically July, June and August, when temperatures are mildest and rainfall is relatively low. The hottest month is November (around 36°C high). The coldest is July (near 15°C low). January is usually the wettest month.
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Other Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa
Madagascar in global context
Madagascar is one of 212 countries tracked. See how it ranks globally, regional shares of world population, and projections to 2050 / 2100.
World Population 2026: Top 10 Countries, Regions & Trends →Other related entities
Country rankings
Frequently Asked Questions
Madagascar has a population of 31,195,932, ranking #114 in the world. The annual population growth rate is 2.46%.
Life expectancy in Madagascar is 63.6 years. The infant mortality rate is 43.7 per 1,000 live births.
Madagascar's GDP per capita is $509. It is classified as a low income country by the World Bank.
32.0% of Madagascar's population lives in urban areas. The overall population density is 53.6 people per square kilometer.
The adult literacy rate in Madagascar is 74.7%. The country spends 3.0% of GDP on education.
The most comfortable months to visit Madagascar are typically July, June and August, when temperatures are mildest and rainfall is relatively low, based on 1970–2000 climate normals.
Madagascar has an average annual temperature of 26.2°C and about 1397 mm of precipitation per year. The warmest month is typically November and the coldest is July.
International data from the World Bank Open Data API. Population figures are latest available estimates. GDP per capita in current US dollars.
With 31,195,932 residents, Madagascar is a country in Sub-Saharan Africa . The population is expanding fast — roughly 2.5% annually.
Madagascar is a lower-income economy, with GDP per capita of about $509. Life expectancy is 63.6 years, below the global average, with a fertility rate of 4.0 births per woman, and 32.0% of the population lives in urban areas.
Source: World Bank Open Data, 2026.