Rank #127 by World Population
🇲🇳Mongolia
Mongolia has a population of 3,481,145, ranking #127 in the world. The capital is Ulaanbaatar. Located in East Asia & Pacific.
World Bank: Upper middle income
3,481,145
Population
#127
World Rank
72.1
Life Expectancy
$5,839
GDP Per Capita
Mongolia, #127 by world population
Mongolia Population History (1960-2024)
The country of Mongolia had a population of 977,595 in 1960 and 3,524,788 in 2024, a 3.6× growth over 64 years. The peak was 3,524,788 in 2024. Average annual growth rate: 2.03%.
3,524,788
Population (2024)
977,595
Population (1960)
3,524,788
Peak (2024)
2.03%
Avg Annual Growth
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 977,595 |
| 1961 | 1,009,284 |
| 1962 | 1,041,444 |
| 1963 | 1,071,362 |
| 1964 | 1,100,234 |
| 1965 | 1,131,177 |
| 1966 | 1,163,754 |
| 1967 | 1,196,996 |
| 1968 | 1,229,930 |
| 1969 | 1,262,284 |
| 1970 | 1,295,272 |
| 1971 | 1,330,071 |
| 1972 | 1,366,821 |
| 1973 | 1,405,502 |
| 1974 | 1,446,050 |
| 1975 | 1,488,296 |
| 1976 | 1,531,945 |
| 1977 | 1,576,245 |
| 1978 | 1,619,468 |
| 1979 | 1,660,659 |
| 1980 | 1,701,335 |
| 1981 | 1,742,857 |
| 1982 | 1,785,364 |
| 1983 | 1,829,092 |
| 1984 | 1,874,349 |
| 1985 | 1,921,514 |
| 1986 | 1,970,965 |
| 1987 | 2,022,800 |
| 1988 | 2,076,322 |
| 1989 | 2,124,185 |
| 1990 | 2,098,710 |
| 1991 | 2,165,342 |
| 1992 | 2,167,790 |
| 1993 | 2,165,130 |
| 1994 | 2,189,395 |
| 1995 | 2,224,945 |
| 1996 | 2,259,507 |
| 1997 | 2,291,750 |
| 1998 | 2,323,809 |
| 1999 | 2,356,813 |
| 2000 | 2,388,299 |
| 2001 | 2,417,751 |
| 2002 | 2,449,027 |
| 2003 | 2,480,374 |
| 2004 | 2,508,412 |
| 2005 | 2,536,407 |
| 2006 | 2,567,168 |
| 2007 | 2,601,850 |
| 2008 | 2,643,201 |
| 2009 | 2,691,115 |
| 2010 | 2,738,622 |
| 2011 | 2,786,317 |
| 2012 | 2,839,705 |
| 2013 | 2,899,011 |
| 2014 | 2,963,113 |
| 2015 | 3,026,864 |
| 2016 | 3,088,856 |
| 2017 | 3,148,917 |
| 2018 | 3,208,189 |
| 2019 | 3,267,673 |
| 2020 | 3,327,204 |
| 2021 | 3,383,741 |
| 2022 | 3,433,748 |
| 2023 | 3,481,145 |
| 2024 | 3,524,788 |
Demographics
| Population | 3,481,145 |
| Population Growth Rate | 1.37% |
| Urban Population | 70.4% |
| Fertility Rate | 2.70 births/woman |
| Life Expectancy | 72.1 years |
| Infant Mortality Rate | 11.4 per 1,000 |
| Literacy Rate | 98.6% |
Economy & Trade
$5,839
GDP Per Capita
5.2%
Unemployment Rate
Upper middle income
Income Level
31.4
Gini Index (inequality)
142.9%
Trade (% of GDP)
66,900.002
Tourism Arrivals
Health & Education
6.1%
Health Expenditure (% GDP)
4.13
Physicians per 1,000
3.7%
Education Expenditure (% GDP)
98.6%
Literacy Rate
11.4
Infant Mortality (per 1,000)
Development & Connectivity
100.0%
Electricity Access
81.1%
Internet Users
140
Mobile Subs per 100
2.2
People per km2
0
Net Migration
Environment
9.1%
Forest Area
Mongolia Climate
Mongolia has an average annual temperature of -1.9°C (29°F) and receives about 278 mm of precipitation per year. The warmest month is July and the coldest is January. Figures are 1970–2000 climate normals.
-1.9°C
Avg Temp
278
Precip (mm/yr)
Jul
Hottest Month
Jan
Coldest Month
| Month | Avg (°C/°F) | Precip |
|---|---|---|
| January | -22° / -8° | 1 mm |
| February | -19° / -2° | 2 mm |
| March | -10° / 14° | 2 mm |
| April | 0° / 32° | 9 mm |
| May | 9° / 48° | 15 mm |
| June | 14° / 58° | 53 mm |
| July | 17° / 62° | 75 mm |
| August | 14° / 58° | 76 mm |
| September | 7° / 45° | 33 mm |
| October | -1° / 30° | 7 mm |
| November | -12° / 10° | 3 mm |
| December | -19° / -3° | 2 mm |
1970–2000 normals from WorldClim 2.1 (~9 km grid). Precipitation can be less precise near mountains or coastlines, where rainfall varies sharply over short distances.
Best time to visit Mongolia
The most comfortable months to visit Mongolia are typically July, June and August, when temperatures are mildest and rainfall is relatively low. The hottest month is July (around 23°C high). The coldest is January (near -28°C low). August is usually the wettest month.
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Other Countries in East Asia & Pacific
Mongolia in global context
Mongolia is one of 212 countries tracked. See how it ranks globally, regional shares of world population, and projections to 2050 / 2100.
World Population 2026: Top 10 Countries, Regions & Trends →Other related entities
Country rankings
Frequently Asked Questions
Mongolia has a population of 3,481,145, ranking #127 in the world. The annual population growth rate is 1.37%.
Life expectancy in Mongolia is 72.1 years. The infant mortality rate is 11.4 per 1,000 live births.
Mongolia's GDP per capita is $5,839. It is classified as a upper middle income country by the World Bank.
70.4% of Mongolia's population lives in urban areas. The overall population density is 2.2 people per square kilometer.
The adult literacy rate in Mongolia is 98.6%. The country spends 3.7% of GDP on education.
The most comfortable months to visit Mongolia are typically July, June and August, when temperatures are mildest and rainfall is relatively low, based on 1970–2000 climate normals.
Mongolia has an average annual temperature of -1.9°C and about 278 mm of precipitation per year. The warmest month is typically July and the coldest is January.
International data from the World Bank Open Data API. Population figures are latest available estimates. GDP per capita in current US dollars.
Mongolia is a country in East Asia & Pacific with a population of 3,481,145. Population growth is modest, around 1.4% a year.
GDP per capita is about $5,839 (Upper middle income, by World Bank classification). Life expectancy is 72.1 years, with a fertility rate of 2.7 births per woman, and 70.4% of the population lives in urban areas.
Source: World Bank Open Data, 2026.