Rank #127 by World Population
🇲🇳Mongolia
Mongolia has a population of 3,481,145, ranking #127 in the world. The capital is Ulaanbaatar. Located in East Asia & Pacific.
World Bank: Upper middle income
3,481,145
Population
#127
World Rank
72.1
Life Expectancy
$5,839
GDP Per Capita
Mongolia, #127 by world population
Mongolia Population History (1960-2024)
The country of Mongolia had a population of 977,595 in 1960 and 3,524,788 in 2024, a 3.6× growth over 64 years. The peak was 3,524,788 in 2024. Average annual growth rate: 2.03%.
3,524,788
Population (2024)
977,595
Population (1960)
3,524,788
Peak (2024)
2.03%
Avg Annual Growth
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 977,595 |
| 1961 | 1,009,284 |
| 1962 | 1,041,444 |
| 1963 | 1,071,362 |
| 1964 | 1,100,234 |
| 1965 | 1,131,177 |
| 1966 | 1,163,754 |
| 1967 | 1,196,996 |
| 1968 | 1,229,930 |
| 1969 | 1,262,284 |
| 1970 | 1,295,272 |
| 1971 | 1,330,071 |
| 1972 | 1,366,821 |
| 1973 | 1,405,502 |
| 1974 | 1,446,050 |
| 1975 | 1,488,296 |
| 1976 | 1,531,945 |
| 1977 | 1,576,245 |
| 1978 | 1,619,468 |
| 1979 | 1,660,659 |
| 1980 | 1,701,335 |
| 1981 | 1,742,857 |
| 1982 | 1,785,364 |
| 1983 | 1,829,092 |
| 1984 | 1,874,349 |
| 1985 | 1,921,514 |
| 1986 | 1,970,965 |
| 1987 | 2,022,800 |
| 1988 | 2,076,322 |
| 1989 | 2,124,185 |
| 1990 | 2,098,710 |
| 1991 | 2,165,342 |
| 1992 | 2,167,790 |
| 1993 | 2,165,130 |
| 1994 | 2,189,395 |
| 1995 | 2,224,945 |
| 1996 | 2,259,507 |
| 1997 | 2,291,750 |
| 1998 | 2,323,809 |
| 1999 | 2,356,813 |
| 2000 | 2,388,299 |
| 2001 | 2,417,751 |
| 2002 | 2,449,027 |
| 2003 | 2,480,374 |
| 2004 | 2,508,412 |
| 2005 | 2,536,407 |
| 2006 | 2,567,168 |
| 2007 | 2,601,850 |
| 2008 | 2,643,201 |
| 2009 | 2,691,115 |
| 2010 | 2,738,622 |
| 2011 | 2,786,317 |
| 2012 | 2,839,705 |
| 2013 | 2,899,011 |
| 2014 | 2,963,113 |
| 2015 | 3,026,864 |
| 2016 | 3,088,856 |
| 2017 | 3,148,917 |
| 2018 | 3,208,189 |
| 2019 | 3,267,673 |
| 2020 | 3,327,204 |
| 2021 | 3,383,741 |
| 2022 | 3,433,748 |
| 2023 | 3,481,145 |
| 2024 | 3,524,788 |
Demographics
| Population | 3,481,145 |
| Population Growth Rate | 1.37% |
| Urban Population | 70.4% |
| Fertility Rate | 2.70 births/woman |
| Life Expectancy | 72.1 years |
| Infant Mortality Rate | 11.4 per 1,000 |
| Literacy Rate | 98.6% |
Economy & Trade
$5,839
GDP Per Capita
5.2%
Unemployment Rate
Upper middle income
Income Level
31.4
Gini Index (inequality)
142.9%
Trade (% of GDP)
66,900.002
Tourism Arrivals
Health & Education
6.1%
Health Expenditure (% GDP)
4.13
Physicians per 1,000
3.7%
Education Expenditure (% GDP)
98.6%
Literacy Rate
11.4
Infant Mortality (per 1,000)
Development & Connectivity
100.0%
Electricity Access
81.1%
Internet Users
140
Mobile Subs per 100
2.2
People per km2
0
Net Migration
Environment
9.1%
Forest Area
Other Countries in East Asia & Pacific
Mongolia in global context
Mongolia is one of 212 countries tracked. See how it ranks globally, regional shares of world population, and projections to 2050 / 2100.
World Population 2026: Top 10 Countries, Regions & Trends →Other related entities
Country rankings
Frequently Asked Questions
Mongolia has a population of 3,481,145, ranking #127 in the world. The annual population growth rate is 1.37%.
Life expectancy in Mongolia is 72.1 years. The infant mortality rate is 11.4 per 1,000 live births.
Mongolia's GDP per capita is $5,839. It is classified as a upper middle income country by the World Bank.
70.4% of Mongolia's population lives in urban areas. The overall population density is 2.2 people per square kilometer.
The adult literacy rate in Mongolia is 98.6%. The country spends 3.7% of GDP on education.
International data from the World Bank Open Data API. Population figures are latest available estimates. GDP per capita in current US dollars.
For this entity, the underlying data on this page comes from the U.S. Census Bureau ACS and decennial files. The breakdown above is the federal record; the paragraphs below add the per-entity context that makes the headline numbers usable for a real decision rather than just a data lookup.
The methodology behind every numeric value on this page is publicly documented on the the U.S. Census Bureau ACS and decennial files portal and described in detail on this site’s methodology page. Refresh cadence varies by underlying series; the page surfaces the as-of date for each number so readers can trace any figure back to the source release.
For readers using this page as a decision input, the related-entity pages elsewhere on the site provide the comparison set. The most useful comparison for this entity is typically a peer within U.S. states, metros, cities, and ZIPs with similar size, similar exposure, or similar geography — not the national-level summary alone.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau ACS, 2026.