Rank #127 by World Population

🇲🇳Mongolia

Mongolia has a population of 3,481,145, ranking #127 in the world. The capital is Ulaanbaatar. Located in East Asia & Pacific.

World Bank: Upper middle income

3,481,145

Population

#127

World Rank

72.1

Life Expectancy

$5,839

GDP Per Capita

Mongolia, #127 by world population

Mongolia Population History (1960-2024)

The country of Mongolia had a population of 977,595 in 1960 and 3,524,788 in 2024, a 3.6× growth over 64 years. The peak was 3,524,788 in 2024. Average annual growth rate: 2.03%.

Mongolia population, 1960–2024 · Source: U.S. Census Bureau — decennial census & Population Estimates

3,524,788

Population (2024)

977,595

Population (1960)

3,524,788

Peak (2024)

2.03%

Avg Annual Growth

Year	Population	Change	Annual %	Source
1960	977,595	-	-	estimate
1961	1,009,284	+31,689	+3.24%	estimate
1962	1,041,444	+32,160	+3.19%	estimate
1963	1,071,362	+29,918	+2.87%	estimate
1964	1,100,234	+28,872	+2.69%	estimate
1965	1,131,177	+30,943	+2.81%	estimate
1966	1,163,754	+32,577	+2.88%	estimate
1967	1,196,996	+33,242	+2.86%	estimate
1968	1,229,930	+32,934	+2.75%	estimate
1969	1,262,284	+32,354	+2.63%	estimate
1970	1,295,272	+32,988	+2.61%	estimate
1971	1,330,071	+34,799	+2.69%	estimate
1972	1,366,821	+36,750	+2.76%	estimate
1973	1,405,502	+38,681	+2.83%	estimate
1974	1,446,050	+40,548	+2.88%	estimate
1975	1,488,296	+42,246	+2.92%	estimate
1976	1,531,945	+43,649	+2.93%	estimate
1977	1,576,245	+44,300	+2.89%	estimate
1978	1,619,468	+43,223	+2.74%	estimate
1979	1,660,659	+41,191	+2.54%	estimate
1980	1,701,335	+40,676	+2.45%	estimate
1981	1,742,857	+41,522	+2.44%	estimate
1982	1,785,364	+42,507	+2.44%	estimate
1983	1,829,092	+43,728	+2.45%	estimate
1984	1,874,349	+45,257	+2.47%	estimate
1985	1,921,514	+47,165	+2.52%	estimate
1986	1,970,965	+49,451	+2.57%	estimate
1987	2,022,800	+51,835	+2.63%	estimate
1988	2,076,322	+53,522	+2.65%	estimate
1989	2,124,185	+47,863	+2.31%	estimate
1990	2,098,710	-25,475	-1.20%	estimate
1991	2,165,342	+66,632	+3.17%	estimate
1992	2,167,790	+2,448	+0.11%	estimate
1993	2,165,130	-2,660	-0.12%	estimate
1994	2,189,395	+24,265	+1.12%	estimate
1995	2,224,945	+35,550	+1.62%	estimate
1996	2,259,507	+34,562	+1.55%	estimate
1997	2,291,750	+32,243	+1.43%	estimate
1998	2,323,809	+32,059	+1.40%	estimate
1999	2,356,813	+33,004	+1.42%	estimate
2000	2,388,299	+31,486	+1.34%	estimate
2001	2,417,751	+29,452	+1.23%	estimate
2002	2,449,027	+31,276	+1.29%	estimate
2003	2,480,374	+31,347	+1.28%	estimate
2004	2,508,412	+28,038	+1.13%	estimate
2005	2,536,407	+27,995	+1.12%	estimate
2006	2,567,168	+30,761	+1.21%	estimate
2007	2,601,850	+34,682	+1.35%	estimate
2008	2,643,201	+41,351	+1.59%	estimate
2009	2,691,115	+47,914	+1.81%	estimate
2010	2,738,622	+47,507	+1.77%	estimate
2011	2,786,317	+47,695	+1.74%	estimate
2012	2,839,705	+53,388	+1.92%	estimate
2013	2,899,011	+59,306	+2.09%	estimate
2014	2,963,113	+64,102	+2.21%	estimate
2015	3,026,864	+63,751	+2.15%	estimate
2016	3,088,856	+61,992	+2.05%	estimate
2017	3,148,917	+60,061	+1.94%	estimate
2018	3,208,189	+59,272	+1.88%	estimate
2019	3,267,673	+59,484	+1.85%	estimate
2020	3,327,204	+59,531	+1.82%	estimate
2021	3,383,741	+56,537	+1.70%	estimate
2022	3,433,748	+50,007	+1.48%	estimate
2023	3,481,145	+47,397	+1.38%	estimate
2024	3,524,788	+43,643	+1.25%	estimate

Demographics

Population	3,481,145
Population Growth Rate	1.37%
Urban Population	70.4%
Fertility Rate	2.70 births/woman
Life Expectancy	72.1 years
Infant Mortality Rate	11.4 per 1,000
Literacy Rate	98.6%

Economy & Trade

$5,839

GDP Per Capita

5.2%

Unemployment Rate

Upper middle income

Income Level

31.4

Gini Index (inequality)

142.9%

Trade (% of GDP)

66,900.002

Tourism Arrivals

Health & Education

6.1%

Health Expenditure (% GDP)

4.13

Physicians per 1,000

3.7%

Education Expenditure (% GDP)

98.6%

Literacy Rate

11.4

Infant Mortality (per 1,000)

Development & Connectivity

100.0%

Electricity Access

81.1%

Internet Users

140

Mobile Subs per 100

2.2

People per km2

Net Migration

Environment

9.1%

Forest Area

Other Countries in East Asia & Pacific

American Samoa Australia Brunei Darussalam Cambodia China

Mongolia in global context

Mongolia is one of 212 countries tracked. See how it ranks globally, regional shares of world population, and projections to 2050 / 2100.

World Population 2026: Top 10 Countries, Regions & Trends →

Other related entities

American Samoa (47,521)Australia (26,659,922)Brunei Darussalam (458,949)Cambodia (17,423,880)China (1,410,710,000)All countries →

Country rankings

Populated Countries in the World Countries With Highest GDP Per Capita Countries With Highest Life Expectancy Countries With Highest Fertility Rates Countries With Highest Literacy Rates Urbanized Countries in the World Fastest Growing Countries by Population Countries With Highest Infant Mortality Countries With Highest Income Inequality Countries With Most International Tourism All rankings →

Frequently Asked Questions

Mongolia has a population of 3,481,145, ranking #127 in the world. The annual population growth rate is 1.37%.

Life expectancy in Mongolia is 72.1 years. The infant mortality rate is 11.4 per 1,000 live births.

Mongolia's GDP per capita is $5,839. It is classified as a upper middle income country by the World Bank.

70.4% of Mongolia's population lives in urban areas. The overall population density is 2.2 people per square kilometer.

The adult literacy rate in Mongolia is 98.6%. The country spends 3.7% of GDP on education.

Sources: World Bank Open Data

International data from the World Bank Open Data API. Population figures are latest available estimates. GDP per capita in current US dollars.

Mongolia is a country in East Asia & Pacific with a population of 3,481,145. Population growth is modest, around 1.4% a year.

GDP per capita is about $5,839 (Upper middle income, by World Bank classification). Life expectancy is 72.1 years, with a fertility rate of 2.7 births per woman, and 70.4% of the population lives in urban areas.

Source: World Bank Open Data, 2026.