Columbia, Missouri Population 2026
Updated April 2026 · US Census ACS 2023 5-Year Estimates
The population of Columbia, Missouri is 127,200 as of the 2023 American Community Survey, making it the 4th-largest city in Missouri. The median household income is $64,488, the median home value is $268,300, and the median age is 29.2.
The population has grown 19.6% since 2010 (109,429 → 130,900).
127,200
Population
1883
People / sq mi
$64,488
Median Income
$268,300
Median Home Value
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Columbia covers 67.6 sq mi of land at 1883 people per square mile.
About Columbia, MO
Age is the most distinctive thing about Columbia: a median age of 29.2, younger than the national median. With 127,200 residents, Columbia is a city in Missouri. It is the #4-largest of all cities in Missouri nationally.
Median household income is $64,488, below the US median of $78,538. Poverty runs at 7.9%, below the national 12.4%. Median home value is $268,300, with typical rent around $1,067.
About 56.5% of adults 25 and older have a bachelor’s degree, above the 35.0% national figure. Remote work is below the national 14.0% at 9.6%, and the average commute runs about 17 minutes each way.
Columbia city Population History (2010-2024)
The city of Columbia city had a population of 109,429 in 2010 and 130,900 in 2024, a 19.6% growth over 14 years. The peak was 130,900 in 2024. Average annual growth rate: 1.29%.
130,900
Population (2024)
109,429
Population (2010)
130,900
Peak (2024)
1.29%
Avg Annual Growth
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 2010 | 109,429 |
| 2011 | 111,514 |
| 2012 | 113,553 |
| 2013 | 115,440 |
| 2014 | 117,028 |
| 2015 | 118,570 |
| 2016 | 120,248 |
| 2017 | 121,539 |
| 2018 | 122,533 |
| 2019 | 123,195 |
| 2020 | 126,314 |
| 2021 | 127,409 |
| 2022 | 128,409 |
| 2023 | 129,780 |
| 2024 | 130,900 |
Race & Ethnicity
| White | 74.3% |
| Black or African American | 12.1% |
| Asian | 0.0% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 1.0% |
| Two or More Races | 0.1% |
Economy & Income
$64,488
Median Household Income
$37,359
Per Capita Income
7.9%
Poverty Rate
2.6%
Unemployment Rate
Housing
$268,300
Median Home Value
$1,067
Median Rent
49.4%
Owner-Occupied
Education
95.3%
High School+
56.5%
Bachelor's+
Commute
1.2%
Drive Alone
74.1%
Public Transit
9.6%
Work From Home
16.7 min
Avg Commute
Community Profile
31.3%
Foreign Born
89.3%
Non-English at Home
4.7%
Veterans
11.9%
With Disability
93.6%
Health Insurance
97.3%
Internet Access
Employment by Industry
| Professional, Scientific & Management | 36.5% |
| Education, Health Care & Social Services | 12.6% |
| Finance, Insurance & Real Estate | 9.0% |
| Information | 8.2% |
| Manufacturing | 5.9% |
| Public Administration | 4.4% |
| Arts, Entertainment & Food Services | 3.8% |
| Construction | 3.7% |
| Retail Trade | 3.2% |
| Transportation & Warehousing | 1.5% |
| Agriculture & Mining | 0.4% |
Largest cities in Missouri
Largest counties in Missouri
Part of Missouri
Metro areas in Missouri
City rankings
Frequently Asked Questions
Columbia, Missouri has a population of 127,200 according to the US Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey 5-year estimates, making it the 4th-largest city in Missouri.
The median household income in Columbia, Missouri is $64,488, with 7.9% of residents living below the federal poverty level.
The median home value in Columbia, Missouri is $268,300, with median monthly rent at $1,067 and a homeownership rate of 49.4%.
The median age in Columbia, Missouri is 29.2 years. The population is 48.1% male and 51.9% female.
The population has grown 19.6% since 2010 (109,429 → 130,900).
Columbia city, MO Climate
Columbia city, MO has an average annual temperature of 12.5°C (55°F) and receives about 1019 mm of precipitation per year. The warmest month is July and the coldest is January. Figures are 1970–2000 climate normals.
12.5°C
Avg Temp
1019
Precip (mm/yr)
Jul
Hottest Month
Jan
Coldest Month
| Month | Avg (°C/°F) | Precip |
|---|---|---|
| January | -3° / 27° | 40 mm |
| February | 1° / 33° | 48 mm |
| March | 7° / 44° | 79 mm |
| April | 13° / 55° | 104 mm |
| May | 18° / 64° | 129 mm |
| June | 23° / 73° | 108 mm |
| July | 26° / 78° | 94 mm |
| August | 25° / 76° | 93 mm |
| September | 20° / 68° | 99 mm |
| October | 14° / 57° | 82 mm |
| November | 7° / 44° | 82 mm |
| December | 0° / 33° | 61 mm |
1970–2000 normals from WorldClim 2.1 (~9 km grid). Precipitation can be less precise near mountains or coastlines, where rainfall varies sharply over short distances.
Best time to visit Columbia city, MO
The most comfortable months to visit Columbia city, MO are typically September, June and August, when temperatures are mildest and rainfall is relatively low. The hottest month is July (around 32°C high). The coldest is January (near -8°C low). May is usually the wettest month.
Where to stay near Columbia
Visiting or relocating to Columbia, MO? Compare hotels and short-term rentals across the metro — live availability and prices.
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Statewide data for Missouri
Population, race, income, age, and trends across Missouri
Data from the American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year estimates.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau ACS, 2026.