Census ACS 2023 · 500 cities
US Cities With Highest Work From Home Rates
The remote work revolution has transformed American cities unevenly. Cities with the highest work-from-home rates tend to be tech hubs, affluent suburbs, and communities with large knowledge-economy workforces. San Francisco, Seattle, Austin, and Denver metro cities lead nationally. The shift to remote work has profound implications for urban planning: less demand for office space, reduced commuter traffic, but also declining foot traffic for downtown businesses. Cities with high WFH rates are seeing changes in real estate patterns — workers moving to larger homes in suburbs or exurbs, co-working spaces replacing traditional offices, and "Zoom towns" emerging as remote workers flock to affordable, amenity-rich locations. Not all workers can work remotely: essential workers, service industry employees, and manufacturing workers remain tied to physical locations.
Key Findings
- 1Johns Creek city, GA leads with a work from home rate of 33.8%, followed by Frisco city, TX (33.7%) and Santa Monica city, CA (33.1%).
- 2The gap between #1 Johns Creek city, GA and #500 Odessa city, TX (3.1%) is 30.7 percentage points.
- 3The national median across all states is 12.3% (Grand Rapids city, MI at the midpoint).
- 4The top 10 states are: Johns Creek city, GA, Frisco city, TX, Santa Monica city, CA, Bellevue city, WA, Berkeley city, CA, Cary town, NC, San Ramon city, CA, Boulder city, CO, Arlington Cdp, VA, Seattle city, WA.
Full Ranking: US Cities With Highest Work From Home Rates
Source: Census ACS 2023 5-Year Estimates
| # | City | WFH Rate | Median Income | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yuma city, AZ | 7.2% | $62,546 | 98,461 |
| 2 | Yonkers city, NY | 10.5% | $81,816 | 209,529 |
| 3 | Yakima city, WA | 6.2% | $59,228 | 96,810 |
| 4 | Worcester city, MA | 10.7% | $67,544 | 205,501 |
| 5 | Winston-Salem city, NC | 12.3% | $57,673 | 250,887 |
| 6 | Wilmington city, NC | 17.7% | $63,900 | 118,578 |
| 7 | Wichita Falls city, TX | 7.5% | $58,568 | 102,558 |
| 8 | Wichita city, KS | 6.9% | $63,072 | 396,488 |
| 9 | Whittier city, CA | 10.9% | $92,374 | 85,925 |
| 10 | Westminster city, CO | 18.7% | $96,145 | 115,546 |
| 11 | Westminster city, CA | 9.6% | $82,686 | 90,147 |
| 12 | Westland city, MI | 9.4% | $62,216 | 84,155 |
| 13 | West Valley City city, UT | 10.1% | $88,604 | 137,955 |
| 14 | West Palm Beach city, FL | 12.1% | $69,261 | 119,508 |
| 15 | West Jordan city, UT | 17.4% | $103,960 | 116,277 |
| 16 | West Covina city, CA | 11.3% | $98,570 | 107,436 |
| 17 | Waukegan city, IL | 6.7% | $70,578 | 88,919 |
| 18 | Waterbury city, CT | 6.7% | $51,642 | 114,356 |
| 19 | Washington city, DC | 29.4% | $106,287 | 672,079 |
| 20 | Warwick city, RI | 11.1% | $87,536 | 82,871 |
| 21 | Warren city, MI | 10.5% | $63,741 | 138,128 |
| 22 | Warner Robins city, GA | 7.4% | $65,715 | 81,438 |
| 23 | Waldorf Cdp, MD | 14.3% | $115,453 | 82,541 |
| 24 | Waco city, TX | 8.5% | $51,468 | 141,925 |
| 25 | Vista city, CA | 13.2% | $91,854 | 98,646 |
| 26 | Visalia city, CA | 7.2% | $79,952 | 142,649 |
| 27 | Virginia Beach city, VA | 12.7% | $90,685 | 457,066 |
| 28 | Victorville city, CA | 8.2% | $70,663 | 135,983 |
| 29 | Vancouver city, WA | 15.2% | $78,156 | 192,696 |
| 30 | Vallejo city, CA | 10.0% | $89,496 | 124,637 |
| 31 | Vacaville city, CA | 11.7% | $108,580 | 102,085 |
| 32 | Urban Honolulu Cdp, HI | 8.9% | $85,428 | 346,323 |
| 33 | Upland city, CA | 12.3% | $101,407 | 78,940 |
| 34 | Tyler city, TX | 7.3% | $65,527 | 107,718 |
| 35 | Tustin city, CA | 16.1% | $108,435 | 79,035 |
| 36 | Tuscaloosa city, AL | 7.6% | $48,536 | 107,699 |
| 37 | Tulsa city, OK | 10.1% | $58,407 | 412,322 |
| 38 | Tucson city, AZ | 12.4% | $54,546 | 543,348 |
| 39 | Troy city, MI | 20.2% | $119,299 | 87,307 |
| 40 | Trenton city, NJ | 6.1% | $47,102 | 89,966 |
| 41 | Tracy city, CA | 13.0% | $118,253 | 95,358 |
| 42 | Town 'n' Country Cdp, FL | 15.5% | $68,350 | 86,544 |
| 43 | Torrance city, CA | 18.5% | $113,105 | 143,499 |
| 44 | Topeka city, KS | 9.6% | $55,902 | 126,103 |
| 45 | Toms River Cdp, NJ | 12.7% | $95,759 | 93,915 |
| 46 | Toledo city, OH | 5.7% | $47,532 | 268,461 |
| 47 | Thousand Oaks city, CA | 21.2% | $134,367 | 125,676 |
| 48 | Thornton city, CO | 13.8% | $100,985 | 142,878 |
| 49 | The Woodlands Cdp, TX | 18.6% | $141,353 | 116,916 |
| 50 | The Villages Cdp, FL | 29.7% | $76,523 | 82,108 |
| 51 | Temple city, TX | 9.3% | $64,945 | 86,358 |
| 52 | Tempe city, AZ | 19.4% | $77,643 | 186,419 |
| 53 | Temecula city, CA | 17.6% | $117,840 | 110,404 |
| 54 | Tampa city, FL | 19.3% | $71,302 | 393,389 |
| 55 | Tallahassee city, FL | 12.3% | $55,931 | 199,696 |
| 56 | Tacoma city, WA | 13.7% | $83,857 | 220,482 |
| 57 | Syracuse city, NY | 10.5% | $45,845 | 146,211 |
| 58 | Surprise city, AZ | 17.6% | $93,371 | 149,519 |
| 59 | Sunrise Manor Cdp, NV | 5.3% | $55,034 | 199,099 |
| 60 | Sunrise city, FL | 11.6% | $72,107 | 96,633 |
| 61 | Sunnyvale city, CA | 27.0% | $181,862 | 153,455 |
| 62 | Sugar Land city, TX | 20.0% | $137,511 | 109,735 |
| 63 | Suffolk city, VA | 9.3% | $90,089 | 96,638 |
| 64 | Stockton city, CA | 6.8% | $76,851 | 320,470 |
| 65 | Sterling Heights city, MI | 13.8% | $78,429 | 133,473 |
| 66 | Stamford city, CT | 16.8% | $107,474 | 135,806 |
| 67 | St. Petersburg city, FL | 18.3% | $73,118 | 260,646 |
| 68 | St. Paul city, MN | 18.3% | $73,055 | 307,762 |
| 69 | St. Louis city, MO | 15.0% | $55,279 | 293,109 |
| 70 | St. George city, UT | 13.0% | $72,870 | 99,184 |
| 71 | Springfield city, MO | 9.0% | $45,984 | 169,432 |
| 72 | Springfield city, MA | 7.6% | $51,339 | 154,751 |
| 73 | Springfield city, IL | 12.1% | $65,537 | 113,714 |
| 74 | Springdale city, AR | 7.1% | $66,044 | 87,388 |
| 75 | Spring Valley Cdp, NV | 12.4% | $72,364 | 219,913 |
| 76 | Spring Hill Cdp, FL | 12.3% | $66,557 | 118,814 |
| 77 | Spokane Valley city, WA | 12.8% | $70,722 | 105,460 |
| 78 | Spokane city, WA | 13.8% | $65,745 | 229,228 |
| 79 | Sparks city, NV | 9.5% | $86,979 | 109,106 |
| 80 | South Jordan city, UT | 20.2% | $126,400 | 80,331 |
| 81 | South Gate city, CA | 6.4% | $71,315 | 91,836 |
| 82 | South Fulton city, GA | 16.4% | $81,798 | 109,157 |
| 83 | South Bend city, IN | 10.0% | $52,512 | 102,866 |
| 84 | Somerville city, MA | 29.0% | $127,056 | 80,549 |
| 85 | Sioux Falls city, SD | 9.4% | $74,714 | 197,642 |
| 86 | Sioux City city, IA | 4.6% | $65,473 | 85,651 |
| 87 | Simi Valley city, CA | 17.1% | $117,703 | 125,769 |
| 88 | Silver Spring Cdp, MD | 23.8% | $98,880 | 82,129 |
| 89 | Shreveport city, LA | 5.7% | $48,465 | 183,483 |
| 90 | Seattle city, WA | 31.3% | $121,984 | 741,440 |
| 91 | Scottsdale city, AZ | 29.0% | $107,372 | 242,169 |
| 92 | Savannah city, GA | 10.1% | $56,782 | 147,546 |
| 93 | Santa Rosa city, CA | 10.5% | $97,410 | 177,216 |
| 94 | Santa Monica city, CA | 33.1% | $109,739 | 91,535 |
| 95 | Santa Maria city, CA | 5.3% | $84,617 | 109,880 |
| 96 | Santa Fe city, NM | 16.2% | $70,110 | 88,224 |
| 97 | Santa Clarita city, CA | 16.2% | $119,926 | 229,021 |
| 98 | Santa Clara city, CA | 23.7% | $173,670 | 129,239 |
| 99 | Santa Barbara city, CA | 17.0% | $101,672 | 88,024 |
| 100 | Santa Ana city, CA | 8.7% | $88,354 | 311,639 |
| 101 | Sandy Springs city, GA | 29.0% | $101,593 | 107,198 |
| 102 | Sandy city, UT | 20.2% | $111,242 | 94,723 |
| 103 | San Tan Valley Cdp, AZ | 15.6% | $93,642 | 105,231 |
| 104 | San Ramon city, CA | 32.4% | $197,358 | 85,734 |
| 105 | San Mateo city, CA | 22.3% | $152,669 | 103,555 |
| 106 | San Marcos city, CA | 18.7% | $105,286 | 94,078 |
| 107 | San Leandro city, CA | 12.8% | $98,063 | 88,531 |
| 108 | San Juan zona urbana, | 7.3% | $27,500 | 320,691 |
| 109 | San Jose city, CA | 18.5% | $141,565 | 990,054 |
| 110 | San Francisco city, CA | 27.5% | $141,446 | 836,321 |
| 111 | San Diego city, CA | 19.2% | $104,321 | 1,385,061 |
| 112 | San Buenaventura (Ventura) city, CA | 14.2% | $100,407 | 109,900 |
| 113 | San Bernardino city, CA | 5.8% | $63,988 | 221,774 |
| 114 | San Antonio city, TX | 11.8% | $62,917 | 1,458,954 |
| 115 | San Angelo city, TX | 7.9% | $64,146 | 99,507 |
| 116 | Salt Lake City city, UT | 18.5% | $74,925 | 203,888 |
| 117 | Salinas city, CA | 4.3% | $89,150 | 161,993 |
| 118 | Salem city, OR | 14.0% | $71,900 | 176,666 |
| 119 | Sacramento city, CA | 17.7% | $83,753 | 524,802 |
| 120 | Round Rock city, TX | 23.1% | $97,187 | 124,288 |
| 121 | Roswell city, GA | 29.0% | $124,422 | 92,577 |
| 122 | Roseville city, CA | 21.3% | $117,354 | 152,438 |
| 123 | Rockford city, IL | 7.9% | $53,328 | 147,649 |
| 124 | Rochester city, NY | 10.8% | $46,628 | 209,720 |
| 125 | Rochester city, MN | 12.9% | $87,767 | 121,638 |
| 126 | Roanoke city, VA | 10.7% | $52,671 | 98,677 |
| 127 | Riverview Cdp, FL | 20.9% | $95,442 | 107,776 |
| 128 | Riverside city, CA | 9.3% | $88,575 | 316,241 |
| 129 | Rio Rancho city, NM | 13.8% | $85,755 | 106,533 |
| 130 | Richmond city, VA | 16.9% | $62,671 | 227,595 |
| 131 | Richmond city, CA | 12.0% | $90,038 | 115,396 |
| 132 | Richardson city, TX | 23.2% | $96,257 | 118,269 |
| 133 | Rialto city, CA | 7.6% | $85,521 | 103,866 |
| 134 | Renton city, WA | 20.0% | $96,626 | 105,279 |
| 135 | Reno city, NV | 10.8% | $78,448 | 268,959 |
| 136 | Redwood City city, CA | 24.0% | $150,840 | 82,423 |
| 137 | Redding city, CA | 8.0% | $69,443 | 93,268 |
| 138 | Reading city, PA | 5.0% | $45,599 | 94,836 |
| 139 | Rancho Cucamonga city, CA | 11.7% | $109,511 | 174,693 |
| 140 | Rancho Cordova city, CA | 18.2% | $89,120 | 80,656 |
| 141 | Raleigh city, NC | 23.4% | $82,424 | 470,763 |
| 142 | Quincy city, MA | 18.1% | $95,711 | 101,361 |
| 143 | Pueblo city, CO | 6.6% | $55,305 | 111,514 |
| 144 | Provo city, UT | 14.2% | $62,800 | 114,303 |
| 145 | Providence city, RI | 12.7% | $66,772 | 190,214 |
| 146 | Portsmouth city, VA | 7.9% | $58,972 | 97,299 |
| 147 | Portland city, OR | 25.3% | $88,792 | 642,715 |
| 148 | Port St. Lucie city, FL | 10.5% | $78,137 | 220,453 |
| 149 | Ponce zona urbana, | 4.9% | $18,650 | 109,765 |
| 150 | Pompano Beach city, FL | 11.8% | $63,832 | 112,212 |
| 151 | Pomona city, CA | 8.8% | $78,869 | 148,391 |
| 152 | Plymouth city, MN | 25.7% | $133,865 | 79,526 |
| 153 | Pleasanton city, CA | 26.3% | $186,206 | 77,500 |
| 154 | Plantation city, FL | 16.1% | $87,077 | 94,002 |
| 155 | Plano city, TX | 25.3% | $108,649 | 287,339 |
| 156 | Pittsburgh city, PA | 20.4% | $64,137 | 303,620 |
| 157 | Pine Hills Cdp, FL | 9.6% | $55,692 | 82,264 |
| 158 | Phoenix city, AZ | 16.9% | $77,041 | 1,624,832 |
| 159 | Philadelphia city, PA | 16.4% | $60,698 | 1,582,432 |
| 160 | Pharr city, TX | 6.2% | $49,884 | 79,809 |
| 161 | Perris city, CA | 4.5% | $82,523 | 79,349 |
| 162 | Peoria city, IL | 10.5% | $58,716 | 112,126 |
| 163 | Peoria city, AZ | 20.2% | $93,403 | 194,338 |
| 164 | Pembroke Pines city, FL | 13.4% | $81,675 | 170,557 |
| 165 | Pearland city, TX | 11.9% | $112,470 | 125,983 |
| 166 | Paterson city, NJ | 4.8% | $53,766 | 157,660 |
| 167 | Pasco city, WA | 6.9% | $81,130 | 78,446 |
| 168 | Pasadena city, TX | 8.6% | $64,270 | 149,345 |
| 169 | Pasadena city, CA | 23.6% | $103,778 | 136,462 |
| 170 | Parma city, OH | 10.4% | $67,425 | 80,131 |
| 171 | Paradise Cdp, NV | 9.9% | $58,874 | 186,178 |
| 172 | Palmdale city, CA | 8.2% | $81,151 | 165,487 |
| 173 | Palm Coast city, FL | 15.2% | $71,840 | 94,362 |
| 174 | Palm Bay city, FL | 9.4% | $67,521 | 125,273 |
| 175 | Oxnard city, CA | 6.6% | $93,372 | 201,014 |
| 176 | Overland Park city, KS | 22.2% | $103,838 | 197,199 |
| 177 | Orlando city, FL | 15.1% | $69,268 | 311,732 |
| 178 | Orem city, UT | 15.2% | $81,292 | 97,048 |
| 179 | Orange city, CA | 15.9% | $116,945 | 138,723 |
| 180 | Ontario city, CA | 7.3% | $82,806 | 178,347 |
| 181 | Omaha city, NE | 13.6% | $72,708 | 488,197 |
| 182 | Olathe city, KS | 18.8% | $112,232 | 143,720 |
| 183 | Oklahoma City city, OK | 9.8% | $66,702 | 688,693 |
| 184 | Ogden city, UT | 11.3% | $70,053 | 86,973 |
| 185 | Odessa city, TX | 3.1% | $73,030 | 114,080 |
| 186 | Oceanside city, CA | 14.8% | $93,724 | 172,542 |
| 187 | Oakland city, CA | 23.4% | $97,369 | 438,072 |
| 188 | O'Fallon city, MO | 15.7% | $107,203 | 92,697 |
| 189 | Norwalk city, CT | 13.2% | $105,301 | 91,375 |
| 190 | Norwalk city, CA | 6.7% | $98,709 | 100,713 |
| 191 | North Port city, FL | 10.4% | $81,940 | 80,512 |
| 192 | North Las Vegas city, NV | 7.4% | $76,772 | 270,773 |
| 193 | North Charleston city, SC | 8.4% | $62,789 | 117,460 |
| 194 | Norman city, OK | 10.1% | $65,060 | 128,714 |
| 195 | Norfolk city, VA | 8.6% | $64,017 | 235,037 |
| 196 | Newton city, MA | 28.7% | $184,989 | 88,504 |
| 197 | Newport News city, VA | 9.3% | $66,718 | 184,774 |
| 198 | Newport Beach city, CA | 27.1% | $158,461 | 84,304 |
| 199 | Newark city, NJ | 6.1% | $48,416 | 307,188 |
| 200 | New York city, NY | 15.0% | $79,713 | 8,516,202 |
| 201 | New Rochelle city, NY | 16.9% | $103,813 | 81,591 |
| 202 | New Orleans city, LA | 13.7% | $55,339 | 376,035 |
| 203 | New Haven city, CT | 12.2% | $53,771 | 132,893 |
| 204 | New Braunfels city, TX | 14.4% | $88,257 | 98,700 |
| 205 | New Bedford city, MA | 4.7% | $56,025 | 100,731 |
| 206 | Nashville-Davidson metropolitan government (balance), TN | 18.3% | $75,197 | 684,298 |
| 207 | Nashua city, NH | 15.0% | $92,457 | 91,131 |
| 208 | Naperville city, IL | 27.3% | $150,937 | 149,424 |
| 209 | Napa city, CA | 12.2% | $102,231 | 78,816 |
| 210 | Nampa city, ID | 10.6% | $72,122 | 106,289 |
| 211 | Murrieta city, CA | 15.5% | $109,780 | 111,621 |
| 212 | Murfreesboro city, TN | 14.6% | $76,241 | 157,547 |
| 213 | Mountain View city, CA | 27.9% | $179,917 | 82,363 |
| 214 | Mount Pleasant town, SC | 23.2% | $121,364 | 92,662 |
| 215 | Moreno Valley city, CA | 7.2% | $87,477 | 210,378 |
| 216 | Montgomery city, AL | 7.2% | $55,687 | 198,440 |
| 217 | Modesto city, CA | 7.3% | $77,899 | 218,614 |
| 218 | Mobile city, AL | 8.1% | $51,090 | 185,097 |
| 219 | Mission Viejo city, CA | 20.0% | $136,071 | 92,415 |
| 220 | Mission city, TX | 9.0% | $60,813 | 86,234 |
| 221 | Miramar city, FL | 10.5% | $86,109 | 135,986 |
| 222 | Minneapolis city, MN | 23.3% | $80,269 | 426,845 |
| 223 | Milwaukee city, WI | 11.2% | $51,888 | 569,756 |
| 224 | Milpitas city, CA | 22.5% | $176,822 | 78,216 |
| 225 | Midland city, TX | 5.6% | $91,169 | 133,998 |
| 226 | Miami Gardens city, FL | 8.7% | $60,979 | 111,264 |
| 227 | Miami city, FL | 14.2% | $59,390 | 446,663 |
| 228 | Miami Beach city, FL | 20.2% | $67,014 | 81,319 |
| 229 | Metairie Cdp, LA | 10.1% | $73,256 | 138,995 |
| 230 | Mesquite city, TX | 8.5% | $71,843 | 148,848 |
| 231 | Mesa city, AZ | 16.9% | $78,779 | 507,478 |
| 232 | Meridian city, ID | 17.2% | $98,686 | 124,865 |
| 233 | Merced city, CA | 7.9% | $59,938 | 89,766 |
| 234 | Menifee city, CA | 12.9% | $89,183 | 107,020 |
| 235 | Memphis city, TN | 8.0% | $51,211 | 629,063 |
| 236 | Melbourne city, FL | 13.1% | $64,504 | 85,718 |
| 237 | Medford city, OR | 10.0% | $70,497 | 85,794 |
| 238 | McKinney city, TX | 21.8% | $120,273 | 202,314 |
| 239 | McAllen city, TX | 11.5% | $60,165 | 143,789 |
| 240 | Manteca city, CA | 9.5% | $94,718 | 86,521 |
| 241 | Manchester city, NH | 12.1% | $77,415 | 115,415 |
| 242 | Madison city, WI | 18.2% | $76,983 | 275,568 |
| 243 | Macon-Bibb County, GA | 8.7% | $50,747 | 156,543 |
| 244 | Lynn city, MA | 7.6% | $74,715 | 100,905 |
| 245 | Lynchburg city, VA | 11.5% | $59,808 | 79,255 |
| 246 | Lubbock city, TX | 6.5% | $60,487 | 261,078 |
| 247 | Lowell city, MA | 10.0% | $76,205 | 114,799 |
| 248 | Loveland city, CO | 15.7% | $82,592 | 77,350 |
| 249 | Louisville/Jefferson County metro government (balance), KY | 11.6% | $64,731 | 627,210 |
| 250 | Los Angeles city, CA | 17.3% | $80,366 | 3,857,897 |
| 251 | Longview city, TX | 5.7% | $62,488 | 82,765 |
| 252 | Longmont city, CO | 19.4% | $89,724 | 98,958 |
| 253 | Long Beach city, CA | 14.4% | $83,969 | 458,491 |
| 254 | Livonia city, MI | 16.1% | $96,317 | 94,058 |
| 255 | Livermore city, CA | 20.7% | $153,602 | 85,870 |
| 256 | Little Rock city, AR | 10.8% | $60,583 | 202,739 |
| 257 | Lincoln city, NE | 10.0% | $69,991 | 291,932 |
| 258 | Lexington-Fayette urban county, KY | 10.9% | $67,631 | 321,122 |
| 259 | Lewisville city, TX | 16.8% | $85,002 | 128,313 |
| 260 | Lehigh Acres Cdp, FL | 9.8% | $62,330 | 127,391 |
| 261 | Lehi city, UT | 22.8% | $125,860 | 81,039 |
| 262 | Lee's Summit city, MO | 19.4% | $104,989 | 102,583 |
| 263 | League City city, TX | 13.6% | $119,870 | 114,885 |
| 264 | Layton city, UT | 14.2% | $99,188 | 82,512 |
| 265 | Lawton city, OK | 12.5% | $53,588 | 90,662 |
| 266 | Lawrence city, MA | 5.7% | $57,903 | 88,297 |
| 267 | Lawrence city, KS | 14.1% | $62,838 | 95,459 |
| 268 | Las Vegas city, NV | 10.5% | $70,723 | 650,873 |
| 269 | Las Cruces city, NM | 9.9% | $55,176 | 112,612 |
| 270 | Largo city, FL | 11.3% | $60,465 | 82,506 |
| 271 | Laredo city, TX | 5.4% | $63,264 | 255,949 |
| 272 | Lansing city, MI | 13.2% | $52,170 | 112,546 |
| 273 | Lancaster city, CA | 9.4% | $76,083 | 170,013 |
| 274 | Lakewood city, CO | 19.9% | $85,789 | 156,309 |
| 275 | Lakewood city, CA | 12.4% | $116,794 | 80,510 |
| 276 | Lakeland city, FL | 11.6% | $60,947 | 117,030 |
| 277 | Lake Forest city, CA | 21.7% | $131,378 | 85,846 |
| 278 | Lake Charles city, LA | 4.8% | $56,864 | 81,679 |
| 279 | Lafayette city, LA | 9.5% | $61,454 | 121,537 |
| 280 | Knoxville city, TN | 11.1% | $50,994 | 193,721 |
| 281 | Kissimmee city, FL | 9.0% | $51,277 | 79,504 |
| 282 | Kirkland city, WA | 29.1% | $143,533 | 91,614 |
| 283 | Killeen city, TX | 7.6% | $58,339 | 156,144 |
| 284 | Kent city, WA | 11.5% | $90,416 | 135,015 |
| 285 | Kenosha city, WI | 8.5% | $68,532 | 99,147 |
| 286 | Kennewick city, WA | 8.5% | $72,867 | 84,389 |
| 287 | Kendall Cdp, FL | 13.8% | $83,664 | 78,527 |
| 288 | Kansas City city, MO | 14.8% | $67,449 | 508,233 |
| 289 | Kansas City city, KS | 8.5% | $59,183 | 154,776 |
| 290 | Jurupa Valley city, CA | 6.9% | $96,190 | 106,244 |
| 291 | Jonesboro city, AR | 6.6% | $52,559 | 79,187 |
| 292 | Joliet city, IL | 7.3% | $88,026 | 149,785 |
| 293 | Johns Creek city, GA | 33.8% | $160,185 | 82,115 |
| 294 | Jersey City city, NJ | 21.6% | $94,813 | 289,691 |
| 295 | Jacksonville city, FL | 13.5% | $66,981 | 961,739 |
| 296 | Jackson city, MS | 8.1% | $43,238 | 149,827 |
| 297 | Irving city, TX | 17.3% | $79,641 | 255,036 |
| 298 | Irvine city, CA | 25.9% | $129,647 | 308,160 |
| 299 | Inglewood city, CA | 10.6% | $71,029 | 105,575 |
| 300 | Indio city, CA | 5.0% | $78,709 | 90,669 |
| 301 | Indianapolis city (balance), IN | 12.3% | $62,995 | 882,043 |
| 302 | Independence city, MO | 10.1% | $59,480 | 121,944 |
| 303 | Huntsville city, AL | 13.1% | $70,778 | 218,814 |
| 304 | Huntington Beach city, CA | 19.4% | $119,885 | 196,010 |
| 305 | Houston city, TX | 11.7% | $62,894 | 2,300,419 |
| 306 | Hoover city, AL | 13.9% | $107,822 | 92,401 |
| 307 | Homestead city, FL | 5.6% | $61,975 | 80,725 |
| 308 | Hollywood city, FL | 11.0% | $65,359 | 152,935 |
| 309 | Hillsboro city, OR | 19.6% | $103,207 | 107,050 |
| 310 | Highlands Ranch Cdp, CO | 29.5% | $155,847 | 101,437 |
| 311 | High Point city, NC | 8.6% | $61,228 | 115,263 |
| 312 | Hialeah city, FL | 12.6% | $53,079 | 221,901 |
| 313 | Hesperia city, CA | 8.7% | $68,971 | 100,141 |
| 314 | Henderson city, NV | 15.8% | $88,654 | 324,523 |
| 315 | Hemet city, CA | 9.2% | $53,623 | 90,646 |
| 316 | Hayward city, CA | 12.3% | $113,775 | 159,201 |
| 317 | Hawthorne city, CA | 9.4% | $72,719 | 85,933 |
| 318 | Hartford city, CT | 8.1% | $45,300 | 119,970 |
| 319 | Hampton city, VA | 8.2% | $67,758 | 137,334 |
| 320 | Gresham city, OR | 11.5% | $73,608 | 112,818 |
| 321 | Greenville city, NC | 11.7% | $50,564 | 88,540 |
| 322 | Greensboro city, NC | 11.8% | $58,884 | 298,564 |
| 323 | Green Bay city, WI | 8.5% | $62,546 | 106,585 |
| 324 | Greeley city, CO | 8.2% | $68,650 | 109,421 |
| 325 | Grand Rapids city, MI | 12.3% | $65,526 | 197,768 |
| 326 | Grand Prairie city, TX | 11.2% | $78,889 | 198,564 |
| 327 | Goodyear city, AZ | 19.7% | $101,814 | 102,891 |
| 328 | Glendale city, CA | 18.7% | $84,262 | 192,270 |
| 329 | Glendale city, AZ | 13.1% | $70,139 | 250,193 |
| 330 | Gilbert town, AZ | 23.6% | $121,351 | 271,118 |
| 331 | Germantown Cdp, MD | 19.2% | $112,149 | 90,521 |
| 332 | Georgetown city, TX | 22.2% | $91,857 | 78,803 |
| 333 | Gastonia city, NC | 9.8% | $60,554 | 81,632 |
| 334 | Garland city, TX | 11.6% | $74,717 | 245,298 |
| 335 | Garden Grove city, CA | 10.1% | $90,166 | 170,603 |
| 336 | Gainesville city, FL | 12.4% | $45,611 | 143,611 |
| 337 | Fullerton city, CA | 12.6% | $104,219 | 141,278 |
| 338 | Frisco city, TX | 33.7% | $146,158 | 210,238 |
| 339 | Fresno city, CA | 10.2% | $66,804 | 543,615 |
| 340 | Fremont city, CA | 30.7% | $176,350 | 228,518 |
| 341 | Frederick city, MD | 15.0% | $95,150 | 80,617 |
| 342 | Franklin city, TN | 28.2% | $115,000 | 85,575 |
| 343 | Fort Worth city, TX | 12.9% | $76,602 | 941,311 |
| 344 | Fort Wayne city, IN | 8.2% | $60,293 | 266,235 |
| 345 | Fort Smith city, AR | 7.4% | $52,692 | 89,496 |
| 346 | Fort Myers city, FL | 12.9% | $62,160 | 91,730 |
| 347 | Fort Lauderdale city, FL | 17.5% | $79,935 | 183,032 |
| 348 | Fort Collins city, CO | 20.2% | $83,598 | 169,705 |
| 349 | Fontana city, CA | 12.3% | $98,187 | 211,921 |
| 350 | Folsom city, CA | 28.6% | $139,263 | 82,140 |
| 351 | Flower Mound town, TX | 27.2% | $157,737 | 77,886 |
| 352 | Flint city, MI | 8.3% | $36,194 | 80,835 |
| 353 | Fishers city, IN | 21.9% | $128,141 | 100,918 |
| 354 | Federal Way city, WA | 12.5% | $82,144 | 99,232 |
| 355 | Fayetteville city, NC | 6.6% | $56,395 | 209,692 |
| 356 | Fayetteville city, AR | 13.3% | $59,074 | 97,227 |
| 357 | Farmington Hills city, MI | 20.2% | $101,863 | 83,316 |
| 358 | Fargo city, ND | 8.1% | $66,029 | 129,064 |
| 359 | Fall River city, MA | 6.5% | $53,933 | 93,764 |
| 360 | Fairfield city, CA | 10.5% | $102,321 | 119,985 |
| 361 | Everett city, WA | 12.4% | $81,502 | 111,083 |
| 362 | Evansville city, IN | 5.2% | $52,251 | 116,441 |
| 363 | Eugene city, OR | 15.3% | $63,836 | 177,520 |
| 364 | Escondido city, CA | 12.8% | $84,477 | 149,913 |
| 365 | Erie city, PA | 6.9% | $43,397 | 94,156 |
| 366 | Enterprise Cdp, NV | 11.5% | $93,980 | 232,043 |
| 367 | Elk Grove city, CA | 19.2% | $122,229 | 177,221 |
| 368 | Elizabeth city, NJ | 5.7% | $63,874 | 135,887 |
| 369 | Elgin city, IL | 11.6% | $88,316 | 114,106 |
| 370 | El Paso city, TX | 7.8% | $58,734 | 678,147 |
| 371 | El Monte city, CA | 5.4% | $64,484 | 107,066 |
| 372 | El Cajon city, CA | 10.2% | $66,478 | 104,909 |
| 373 | Edmond city, OK | 12.8% | $102,032 | 95,618 |
| 374 | Edinburg city, TX | 9.8% | $57,789 | 102,561 |
| 375 | East Los Angeles Cdp, CA | 7.1% | $68,378 | 114,617 |
| 376 | Durham city, NC | 20.6% | $79,234 | 288,465 |
| 377 | Duluth city, MN | 11.7% | $66,263 | 86,863 |
| 378 | Downey city, CA | 8.3% | $87,400 | 111,793 |
| 379 | Detroit city, MI | 10.1% | $39,575 | 636,644 |
| 380 | Des Moines city, IA | 11.4% | $63,966 | 212,464 |
| 381 | Denver city, CO | 24.4% | $91,681 | 713,734 |
| 382 | Denton city, TX | 12.2% | $73,719 | 146,987 |
| 383 | Deltona city, FL | 12.5% | $72,967 | 95,682 |
| 384 | Deerfield Beach city, FL | 11.7% | $56,976 | 86,742 |
| 385 | Dearborn city, MI | 11.6% | $65,192 | 107,846 |
| 386 | Dayton city, OH | 8.8% | $43,454 | 136,741 |
| 387 | Davie town, FL | 13.9% | $87,171 | 106,412 |
| 388 | Davenport city, IA | 8.9% | $64,497 | 101,083 |
| 389 | Danbury city, CT | 12.0% | $83,422 | 86,086 |
| 390 | Daly City city, CA | 12.8% | $119,570 | 102,560 |
| 391 | Dallas city, TX | 14.0% | $67,760 | 1,299,553 |
| 392 | Cranston city, RI | 10.9% | $87,716 | 82,632 |
| 393 | Costa Mesa city, CA | 20.0% | $110,073 | 110,538 |
| 394 | Corpus Christi city, TX | 4.8% | $66,325 | 317,383 |
| 395 | Corona city, CA | 11.9% | $106,438 | 158,839 |
| 396 | Coral Springs city, FL | 13.2% | $90,643 | 133,962 |
| 397 | Conroe city, TX | 9.8% | $75,245 | 96,976 |
| 398 | Concord city, NC | 16.0% | $84,752 | 106,518 |
| 399 | Concord city, CA | 15.1% | $109,195 | 124,260 |
| 400 | Compton city, CA | 4.3% | $74,270 | 93,525 |
| 401 | Columbus city, OH | 16.1% | $65,327 | 906,480 |
| 402 | Columbus city, GA | 9.4% | $56,622 | 204,383 |
| 403 | Columbia city, SC | 9.8% | $55,653 | 138,019 |
| 404 | Columbia city, MO | 9.6% | $64,488 | 127,200 |
| 405 | Columbia Cdp, MD | 22.3% | $129,173 | 105,871 |
| 406 | Colorado Springs city, CO | 16.1% | $83,198 | 483,099 |
| 407 | College Station city, TX | 12.1% | $51,776 | 122,280 |
| 408 | Clovis city, CA | 10.8% | $100,360 | 122,719 |
| 409 | Clifton city, NJ | 10.4% | $99,003 | 89,247 |
| 410 | Cleveland city, OH | 10.1% | $39,187 | 367,523 |
| 411 | Clearwater city, FL | 19.9% | $64,440 | 117,075 |
| 412 | Clarksville city, TN | 7.1% | $66,786 | 171,897 |
| 413 | Citrus Heights city, CA | 15.3% | $77,167 | 87,036 |
| 414 | Cincinnati city, OH | 13.2% | $51,707 | 309,595 |
| 415 | Cicero town, IL | 4.7% | $68,548 | 83,223 |
| 416 | Chula Vista city, CA | 11.7% | $105,173 | 275,030 |
| 417 | Chino Hills city, CA | 16.0% | $122,600 | 78,024 |
| 418 | Chino city, CA | 13.5% | $103,845 | 91,775 |
| 419 | Chico city, CA | 12.2% | $67,929 | 102,032 |
| 420 | Chicago city, IL | 18.3% | $75,134 | 2,707,648 |
| 421 | Chesapeake city, VA | 11.5% | $94,189 | 251,153 |
| 422 | Chattanooga city, TN | 11.9% | $61,028 | 182,832 |
| 423 | Charlotte city, NC | 25.5% | $78,438 | 886,283 |
| 424 | Charleston city, SC | 17.6% | $90,038 | 152,014 |
| 425 | Chandler city, AZ | 22.7% | $103,691 | 278,123 |
| 426 | Champaign city, IL | 14.9% | $57,544 | 88,822 |
| 427 | Centennial city, CO | 24.7% | $128,167 | 107,386 |
| 428 | Cedar Rapids city, IA | 12.6% | $67,859 | 136,859 |
| 429 | Cedar Park city, TX | 27.8% | $123,972 | 77,474 |
| 430 | Cary town, NC | 32.4% | $129,399 | 176,686 |
| 431 | Carson city, CA | 8.1% | $107,391 | 93,523 |
| 432 | Carrollton city, TX | 19.4% | $99,115 | 132,741 |
| 433 | Carolina zona urbana, | 8.8% | $35,843 | 139,051 |
| 434 | Carmichael Cdp, CA | 19.3% | $84,376 | 78,070 |
| 435 | Carmel city, IN | 25.0% | $134,602 | 100,501 |
| 436 | Carlsbad city, CA | 29.0% | $139,326 | 114,500 |
| 437 | Cape Coral city, FL | 13.1% | $76,062 | 206,387 |
| 438 | Cambridge city, MA | 28.3% | $126,469 | 117,794 |
| 439 | Burbank city, CA | 27.4% | $95,816 | 105,165 |
| 440 | Buffalo city, NY | 9.6% | $48,050 | 276,397 |
| 441 | Buena Park city, CA | 9.8% | $108,187 | 83,052 |
| 442 | Buckeye city, AZ | 17.5% | $98,778 | 99,844 |
| 443 | Bryan city, TX | 6.0% | $56,861 | 86,169 |
| 444 | Brownsville city, TX | 7.7% | $48,675 | 188,023 |
| 445 | Brooklyn Park city, MN | 12.5% | $85,964 | 84,349 |
| 446 | Broken Arrow city, OK | 10.8% | $85,220 | 115,919 |
| 447 | Brockton city, MA | 6.3% | $77,089 | 105,080 |
| 448 | Bridgeport city, CT | 6.4% | $56,584 | 148,012 |
| 449 | Brandon Cdp, FL | 16.4% | $77,068 | 116,365 |
| 450 | Boynton Beach city, FL | 8.9% | $71,378 | 80,601 |
| 451 | Boulder city, CO | 31.6% | $85,364 | 106,274 |
| 452 | Boston city, MA | 18.8% | $94,755 | 663,972 |
| 453 | Boise City city, ID | 15.8% | $81,308 | 235,701 |
| 454 | Boca Raton city, FL | 20.3% | $102,722 | 98,833 |
| 455 | Bloomington city, MN | 19.6% | $90,677 | 88,838 |
| 456 | Bloomington city, IN | 16.9% | $48,918 | 78,791 |
| 457 | Bloomington city, IL | 18.4% | $75,449 | 78,703 |
| 458 | Birmingham city, AL | 8.5% | $44,376 | 199,322 |
| 459 | Billings city, MT | 7.6% | $71,855 | 118,321 |
| 460 | Berkeley city, CA | 32.5% | $108,558 | 120,223 |
| 461 | Bend city, OR | 22.4% | $88,792 | 101,472 |
| 462 | Bellingham city, WA | 14.5% | $65,821 | 92,367 |
| 463 | Bellflower city, CA | 8.9% | $77,602 | 77,396 |
| 464 | Bellevue city, WA | 32.8% | $161,300 | 151,199 |
| 465 | Beaverton city, OR | 21.9% | $94,279 | 97,502 |
| 466 | Beaumont city, TX | 4.1% | $57,530 | 113,710 |
| 467 | Baytown city, TX | 4.9% | $61,699 | 84,538 |
| 468 | Bayamón zona urbana, | 6.9% | $31,058 | 167,312 |
| 469 | Baton Rouge city, LA | 7.1% | $49,944 | 223,699 |
| 470 | Baltimore city, MD | 15.9% | $59,623 | 577,193 |
| 471 | Bakersfield city, CA | 7.1% | $77,397 | 408,366 |
| 472 | Avondale city, AZ | 13.9% | $81,260 | 90,644 |
| 473 | Austin city, TX | 27.5% | $91,461 | 967,862 |
| 474 | Aurora city, IL | 14.5% | $90,109 | 179,867 |
| 475 | Aurora city, CO | 14.8% | $84,320 | 390,201 |
| 476 | Augusta-Richmond County consolidated government (balance), GA | 8.3% | $53,134 | 201,504 |
| 477 | Auburn city, WA | 12.8% | $95,367 | 85,455 |
| 478 | Auburn city, AL | 9.7% | $56,123 | 78,738 |
| 479 | Atlanta city, GA | 26.6% | $81,938 | 499,287 |
| 480 | Athens-Clarke County unified government (balance), GA | 11.9% | $51,655 | 126,987 |
| 481 | Atascocita Cdp, TX | 11.1% | $114,443 | 93,926 |
| 482 | Asheville city, NC | 18.7% | $67,221 | 94,369 |
| 483 | Arvada city, CO | 21.9% | $113,396 | 122,835 |
| 484 | Arlington city, TX | 11.8% | $73,519 | 394,769 |
| 485 | Arlington Cdp, VA | 31.5% | $140,160 | 235,463 |
| 486 | Arden-Arcade Cdp, CA | 16.2% | $71,767 | 96,319 |
| 487 | Antioch city, CA | 11.1% | $94,256 | 115,759 |
| 488 | Ann Arbor city, MI | 26.2% | $81,089 | 121,179 |
| 489 | Anchorage municipality, AK | 9.6% | $98,152 | 289,069 |
| 490 | Anaheim city, CA | 9.3% | $90,583 | 344,553 |
| 491 | Amarillo city, TX | 5.9% | $62,469 | 200,945 |
| 492 | Allentown city, PA | 7.9% | $53,403 | 125,320 |
| 493 | Allen city, TX | 24.8% | $129,130 | 107,684 |
| 494 | Alhambra city, CA | 12.3% | $85,189 | 81,483 |
| 495 | Alexandria city, VA | 25.2% | $113,638 | 156,788 |
| 496 | Albuquerque city, NM | 12.8% | $65,604 | 562,488 |
| 497 | Albany city, NY | 11.9% | $59,485 | 100,081 |
| 498 | Alafaya Cdp, FL | 20.0% | $98,289 | 90,874 |
| 499 | Akron city, OH | 9.6% | $48,544 | 189,526 |
| 500 | Abilene city, TX | 7.9% | $62,720 | 127,130 |
Methodology
Rankings are based on American Community Survey (ACS) 2023 5-Year estimates from the US Census Bureau. All 50 states and the District of Columbia are included. The ACS surveys approximately 3.5 million households annually and provides detailed demographic, social, economic, and housing data. 5-Year estimates offer the most reliable data for state-level comparisons by averaging responses over a 60-month period. Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Johns Creek city, GA has the highest work from home rate at 33.8%, according to Census ACS 2023 data. Frisco city, TX and Santa Monica city, CA round out the top three.
Odessa city, TX has the lowest work from home rate at 3.1%. Beaumont city, TX is second-lowest at 4.1%.
The median across all 500 states is 12.3%. Note that the national median and the state-level median are calculated differently — the state median represents the midpoint when all states are ranked.
This data comes from the American Community Survey (ACS) 2023 5-Year estimates published by the US Census Bureau. The ACS surveys approximately 3.5 million households annually and provides the most comprehensive demographic data available between decennial censuses.
Rankings are based on the latest available Census ACS data (currently 2023 5-Year estimates). The Census Bureau releases new ACS data annually, typically in September. Our data was last updated on April 12, 2026.
Rankings are based on American Community Survey (ACS) 2023 5-Year estimates from the US Census Bureau. All 50 states and the District of Columbia are included. The ACS surveys approximately 3.5 million households annually and provides detailed demographic, social, economic, and housing data. 5-Year estimates offer the most reliable data for state-level comparisons by averaging responses over a 60-month period. Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.