Rank #51 by Population · Updated April 2026
Vermont Population 2026
The population of Vermont is 645,254 as of the 2023 American Community Survey, making it the 51st-most populous state in the United States. The median household income is $78,024, the median home value is $290,500, and the median age is 43.0.
Vermont's population has grown 82.2% since 1910 (355,956 → 648,493).
645,254
Population
70
People / sq mi
$78,024
Median Income
43.0
Median Age
Vermont covers 9,217 sq mi of land at a density of 70.0 people per square mile.
About Vermont
Age is the most distinctive thing about Vermont: a median age of 43.0, older than the national median. Vermont is a US state with a population of 645,254.
Household earnings are middling, with a median of $78,024 — near the US median of $78,538. Poverty is among the lowest of comparable US states, at 5.7% — below the national 12.4%. The typical home is valued at $290,500, with typical rent around $1,193.
Degree attainment is near the top of the range for US states: 42.6% of adults 25+ hold a bachelor’s, above the 35.0% national rate. About 15.0% of workers primarily work from home, above the national 14.0%, and the average commute runs about 23 minutes each way.
The age structure shapes everything downstream in Vermont — from housing demand to the mix of working-age earners reflected in the income figures above.
Vermont, #51 by population
Vermont Population History (1910-2024)
The state of Vermont had a population of 355,956 in 1910 and 648,493 in 2024, a 82.2% growth over 114 years. The peak was 648,708 in 2023. Average annual growth rate: 0.45%.
648,493
Population (2024)
355,956
Population (1910)
648,708
Peak (2023)
0.45%
Avg Annual Growth
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1910 | 355,956 |
| 1920 | 352,428 |
| 1930 | 359,611 |
| 1940 | 359,231 |
| 1950 | 377,747 |
| 1960 | 389,881 |
| 1970 | 444,330 |
| 1980 | 511,456 |
| 1990 | 562,758 |
| 2000 | 608,827 |
| 2010 | 625,741 |
| 2020 | 643,077 |
| 2020 | 642,977 |
| 2021 | 647,210 |
| 2022 | 648,142 |
| 2023 | 648,708 |
| 2024 | 648,493 |
Age Distribution
Male: 49.6% · Female: 50.4%
Race & Ethnicity
| White | 91.4% |
| Black or African American | 1.2% |
| Asian | 0.0% |
| American Indian & Alaska Native | 0.2% |
| Native Hawaiian & Pacific Islander | 0.2% |
| Two or More Races | 0.0% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 1.4% |
Economy & Income
$78,024
Median Household Income
$44,365
Per Capita Income
5.7%
Poverty Rate
2.4%
Unemployment Rate
$103,603
Mean Household Income
62.1%
Employment Rate
Cost of Living
Vermont's overall price level is 98.0 on the BEA Regional Price Parity index (US average = 100), meaning prices are 2.0% lower the US average. Adjusting for cost of living, Vermont's median household income of $78,024 has the buying power of $79,650 in average-priced areas.
98.0
Price Level (US = 100)
$79,650
COL-Adjusted Median Income
$78,024
Nominal Median Income
Education
94.5%
High School Graduate+
42.6%
Bachelor's Degree+
Births & Fertility
5,316
Live Births (2022)
8.2
Birth Rate (per 1,000)
63.1%
Births to Married Mothers
Births by Mother's Age
Births by Mother's Race
| White | 92.6% |
| Black or African American | 2.4% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 3.1% |
Housing
$290,500
Median Home Value
$1,193
Median Rent
337,072
Total Housing Units
72.8%
Owner-Occupied
27.2%
Renter-Occupied
20.1%
Vacant
Languages Spoken at Home
94.5% of Vermont residents age 5+ speak only English at home. The most common non-English languages spoken at home in Vermont:
| # | Language | Speakers | % of pop. 5+ |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | French (incl. Cajun) | 1,397 | 0.23% |
| 2 | Spanish | 1,127 | 0.18% |
| 3 | Nepali, Marathi, or other Indic | 941 | 0.15% |
| 4 | Other Asian/Pacific | 464 | 0.08% |
| 5 | Chinese (incl. Mandarin, Cantonese) | 429 | 0.07% |
| 6 | Vietnamese | 302 | 0.05% |
| 7 | Thai, Lao, or other Tai-Kadai | 270 | 0.04% |
| 8 | Polish | 211 | 0.03% |
| 9 | Amharic, Somali, or other Afro-Asiatic | 193 | 0.03% |
| 10 | Arabic | 167 | 0.03% |
Commute
0.9%
Drive Alone
4.3%
Carpool
15.0%
Work From Home
23.4 min
Avg Commute
Largest Cities in Vermont
| # | City | Population |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Burlington | 44,649 |
| 2 | South Burlington | 20,488 |
| 3 | Rutland | 15,747 |
| 4 | Essex Junction | 10,720 |
Counties in Vermont
| # | County | Population | Median Income |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chittenden County | 168,831 | $94,310 |
| 2 | Rutland County | 60,484 | $64,778 |
| 3 | Washington County | 59,958 | $79,853 |
| 4 | Windsor County | 57,968 | $75,247 |
| 5 | Franklin County | 50,379 | $79,078 |
| 6 | Windham County | 45,913 | $68,021 |
| 7 | Addison County | 37,497 | $88,478 |
| 8 | Bennington County | 37,312 | $71,494 |
| 9 | Caledonia County | 30,425 | $66,075 |
| 10 | Orange County | 29,594 | $77,328 |
| 11 | Orleans County | 27,492 | $66,426 |
| 12 | Lamoille County | 26,036 | $69,897 |
| 13 | Grand Isle County | 7,393 | $90,625 |
| 14 | Essex County | 5,972 | $58,985 |
Compare Vermont
Rankings for Vermont
Read more about Vermont
A complete guide to Vermont demographics — population, race & ethnicity breakdown, income, age, growth trends, and how the state compares nationally.
Vermont Demographics 2026: Population, Income, Race & Trends Explained →Metro areas in Vermont
Congressional districts in Vermont
Largest school districts in Vermont
Other states
State rankings
Common questions about Vermont
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Frequently Asked Questions
Vermont has a population of 645,254 according to the US Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey 5-year estimates, making it the 51st-most populous state in the United States.
Vermont is gaining population, with a +82.2% change over the available historical Census record. Vermont's population has grown 82.2% since 1910 (355,956 → 648,493).
The median household income in Vermont is $78,024, with a per capita income of $44,365. 5.7% of the population lives below the federal poverty level.
91.4% of Vermont's population identifies as White (Census ACS 2023). 1.2% is Black or African American, 0.0% is Asian, and 1.4% is Hispanic or Latino (any race, counted separately under Census methodology).
Vermont is 91.4% White, 1.2% Black or African American, 0.0% Asian, and 1.4% Hispanic or Latino (any race). Hispanic/Latino is counted as an ethnicity separate from race under Census methodology, so totals may exceed 100% in some breakdowns.
The median age in Vermont is 43.0 years. The population is 49.6% male and 50.4% female.
Vermont's population has grown 82.2% since 1910 (355,956 → 648,493).
Across recent Census Population Estimates, West Virginia, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Illinois have shown the largest sustained population declines. Vermont's own trend is gaining. National state-by-state rankings are published annually by the Census Population Estimates Program.
Demographic data from the American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year estimates. Birth statistics from the CDC National Vital Statistics System via Data Commons. California does not report marital status on birth certificates. Percentages may not total 100% due to rounding.
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Source: U.S. Census Bureau ACS, 2026.