Jefferson County, Alabama Population 2026
Updated April 2026 · US Census ACS 2023 5-Year Estimates · 1st-largest in Alabama
The population of Jefferson County, Alabama is 669,744 as of the 2023 American Community Survey, making it the 1st-largest county in Alabama. The median household income is $64,589, the median home value is $224,900, and the median age is 37.8.
The population of Jefferson County has grown 1.0% since 2010 (658,230 → 664,744), a +0.07% annualized rate.
669,744
Population
+0.07%
Annual growth
603
People / sq mi
$64,589
Median Income
$224,900
Median Home Value
Jefferson County covers 1,112 sq mi of land at 602.5 people per square mile.
About Jefferson County, AL
Jefferson County stands apart on settlement density — it is among the most densely settled of US counties, at roughly 603 people per square mile. Jefferson County is a county in Alabama with a population of 669,744. That makes it one of the ten largest counties in Alabama in the country, at #1 by population.
Household earnings are middling, with a median of $64,589 — below the US median of $78,538. Poverty runs at 11.6%, below the national 12.4%. A typical home is worth $224,900, with typical rent around $1,132.
College attainment is above the local norm at 35.9%, near the national 35.0%. About 9.8% of the workforce is home-based, below the national 14.0%, and the average commute runs about 25 minutes each way.
That density explains much of the rest of the profile in Jefferson County: denser places lean toward renting, shorter commutes by transit, and a younger working-age mix.
Jefferson County Population History (2010-2024)
The county of Jefferson County had a population of 658,230 in 2010 and 664,744 in 2024, a 1.0% growth over 14 years. The peak was 674,727 in 2020. Average annual growth rate: 0.07%.
664,744
Population (2024)
658,230
Population (2010)
674,727
Peak (2020)
0.07%
Avg Annual Growth
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 2010 | 658,230 |
| 2011 | 658,175 |
| 2012 | 658,183 |
| 2013 | 659,434 |
| 2014 | 660,185 |
| 2015 | 660,717 |
| 2016 | 660,507 |
| 2017 | 659,892 |
| 2018 | 659,672 |
| 2019 | 658,539 |
| 2020 | 674,727 |
| 2021 | 669,677 |
| 2022 | 665,543 |
| 2023 | 664,084 |
| 2024 | 664,744 |
Race & Ethnicity
| White | 49.3% |
| Black or African American | 42.5% |
| Asian | 0.0% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 1.1% |
| Two or More Races | 0.0% |
Age & Sex
37.8
Median Age
52.5%
Female
47.5%
Male
16.5%
Age 65+
Age Distribution
Children (under 15): 19.1% · Seniors (65+): 16.5%
Income & Poverty
| Median household income | $64,589+$2,562 vs state |
| Mean household income | $97,165 |
| Per-capita income | $39,826 |
| Poverty rate | 11.6%+0.3% vs state |
| Unemployment rate | 2.9% |
| Employment-to-population | 58.1% |
Top Industries by Employment
The largest employment sector in Jefferson County is professional & business services, accounting for 26.1% of workers.
How residents commute
0.6%
Drive alone
1.6%
Carpool
78.3%
Public transit
9.8%
Work from home
24.5 min
Avg commute
Housing
$224,900+$29,800 vs state
Median home value
$1,132
Median rent
63.7%
Homeownership rate
309,542
Total housing units
86.9%
Occupied
13.1%
Vacant
36.3%
Renter-occupied
Social & access
90.8%
With health insurance
94.2%
With broadband internet
21.1%
Foreign-born
6.4%
Veterans (18+)
15.3%
With a disability
93.1%
Speak language other than English at home
Education
91.0%
High School+
35.9%
Bachelor's+
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County rankings
Common questions about Jefferson County, AL
Frequently Asked Questions
Jefferson County, Alabama has a population of 669,744 according to the US Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey 5-year estimates, making it the 1st-largest county in Alabama. Population density is 603 people per square mile.
The population of Jefferson County has grown 1.0% since 2010 (658,230 → 664,744), a +0.07% annualized rate.
The median household income in Jefferson County, Alabama is $64,589, with mean (average) household income of $97,165 and per-capita income of $39,826. 11.6% of residents live below the federal poverty level.
In Jefferson County, the largest racial and ethnic groups are White (49.3%), Black or African American (42.5%), Hispanic or Latino (1.1%). Figures are from the US Census Bureau's 2023 ACS 5-year estimates and reflect self-reported responses.
The median age in Jefferson County, Alabama is 37.8 years. Residents are 52.5% female and 47.5% male.
The median home value in Jefferson County is $224,900 and median monthly rent is $1,132. 63.7% of occupied housing units are owner-occupied. The county has 309,542 total housing units, 13.1% of which are vacant.
The largest employment sector in Jefferson County, Alabama is professional, scientific, and management services, employing 26.1% of workers. The unemployment rate is 2.9%.
Huntsville is among the largest cities associated with Jefferson County, Alabama, with a population of 218,814.
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Data from the American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year estimates.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau ACS, 2026.